Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) causes airflow blockage and breathing problems. Smoking is the leading cause, but long-term exposure to pollutants can also contribute.

Symptoms include:

• Chronic cough and sputum production
• Shortness of breath on exertion
• Frequent respiratory infections

Management:

• Smoking cessation is critical.
• Pulmonary rehabilitation programs improve lung function.
• Medications like bronchodilators and steroids help reduce symptoms.